Validação de guia prático para profissionais da saúde: adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose / Validation of a practical guide for healthcare professionals: adherence to tuberculosis treatment

Validar um guia prático para os profissionais da APS que oriente a abordagem e contribua no processo de adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, que buscou validar uma tecnologia educacional por especialistas na temática. Utilizou-se um instrumento para avaliação do material que contou com uma escala tipo Likert. Para análise dos dados, foram calculados os Índices de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC), cuja taxa mínima de concordância adotada foi 0,80. O material foi considerado validado, onde obteve IVC global satisfatório de 0,86. O estudo demonstrou que o material tem potencial para contribuir no manejo de pacientes com tuberculose, uma vez que reúne informações da perspectiva de pessoas que tiveram a doença e alcançaram a cura.

To validate a practical guide for PHC professionals to guide the approach and contribute to the process of adherence to the treatment of tuberculosis. This was a methodological study, which sought to validate an educational technology by specialists in the subject. An instrument was applied to evaluate the material, which used a Likert scale. For data analysis, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated, whose minimum agreement rate adopted was 0.80. The material was considered validated, with a satisfactory global CVI of 0.86. The study demonstrated that the material has the potential to contribute to the management of patients with tuberculosis since it gathers information from the perspective of people who had the disease and were cured.

Colaboración científica de Colombia con países de América Latina y del Caribe sobre la COVID-19 durante 2020 y 2021

Introducción: La necesidad de información por desconocimiento del Sars-CoV-2 llevó a los investigadores a generar una gran cantidad de información. Colombia es el segundo país latinoamericano con mayor producción científica sobre el Sars- CoV-2. Objetivo: caracterizar la tendencia de colaboración científica de Colombia con países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe sobre la COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio bibliométrico, los registros se obtuvieron de Scopus (2020 - 2021) con los términos COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 y Sars-CoV-2. Se analizaron indicadores de producción, colaboración y visibilidad. Resultados: se recuperaron 77 registros. La tasa de crecimiento de la producción fue del 65,51 %. El índice de transitoriedad alcanzó el 86,69 %. El autor más productivo fue A.J. Rodríguez Morales de la Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas y Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira de Colombia (14,28 %). El 96,10 % de las investigaciones procedieron de universidades. La tasa de colaboración inter-latinoamericana alcanzó el 11,66 % con un índice de colaboración de 3,71 ± 3,09. La densidad de la red fue de 0,51. La mayor colaboración se dio con autores de México (n= 27), Perú (n= 26), Chile (n= 25) y Argentina (n= 23). Argentina presentó un mayor outdegree (176) y número de citas (55,03) y Chile un eigenvector superior (0,35). La correlación entre el número de citas y el grado de centralidad fue de 0,9. Conclusión: Colombia tiende a participar en proyectos internacionales y con países de Latinoamérica y el Caribecon mayor capacidad para desarrollar investigaciones.

Introduction: The need for information due to ignorance of Sars-CoV-2 led researchers to write and publish a large amount of information. Colombia is the second within Latin American countries with the highest scientific production on Sars- CoV-2. Objective: to characterize the trend of scientific collaboration between Colombia and Latin American and Caribbean countries on COVID-19. Materials and methods: bibliometric study, the records were acquired from Scopus (2020 - 2021) with the terms COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 and Sars-CoV-2. Indicators of production, collaboration and visibility were analyzed. Results: 77 records were recovered. The production growth rate was 65.51%. The transience index reached 86.69%. The most productive author was A.J. Rodríguez Morales of the Autonomous University Foundation of the Americas and the Technological University of Pereira of Colombia (14.28%). 96.10% of the investigations came from universities. The inter-Latin American collaboration rate reached 11.66% with a collaboration index of 3.71 ± 3.09. The density of the network was 0.51. The greatest collaboration occurred with authors from Mexico (n= 27), Peru (n= 26), Chile (n= 25) and Argentina (n= 23). Argentina presented a higher degree of improvement (176) and number of citations (55.03) and Chile a higher eigenvector (0.35). The connection between the number of citations and the degree of centrality was 0.9. Conclusion: Colombia tends to participate in international projects and with Latin America and the Caribbeancountries with greater capacity to develop research.

Cooperación Internacional: Un desafío en la Educación Superior Pública y Regional

R E S U M E N El artículo tiene por objetivo el analizar la cooperación internacional, desde el convenio entre la Universidad de Atacama UDA-Chile y la Universidad de Nariño UDENAR-Colombia, las dos instituciones son de educación superior públicas y regionales. El estudio fue cualitativo - descriptivo, los participantes fueron I3 entre docentes, administrativos y estudiantes pertenecientes a las dos universidades. Sus edades fluctúan entre los 21 y 59 años, hombres y mujeres, nacidos en Chile o Colombia. Se utilizó como técnicas de recolección de información el análisis documental y un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. Los resultados muestran una valoración positiva del convenio puesto que se ha manejado desde las tres funciones sustantivas universitarias: docencia, investigación e interacción social; en este mismo sentido se hace fuerte los aprendizajes adquiridos por cada participante y la necesidad de profundizar en investigación. Se concluye que la internacionalización tiene muchos beneficios desde el intercambio cultural, el prestigio internacional y los aprendizajes, así como la transdisiciplinariedad del convenio, que a través del pensamiento crítico construyendo espacios de diálogo de saberes no fragmentado en disciplinas, sino unido por un interés genuino por el conocimiento.

The article aims to analyze international cooperation, from the agreement between the University of Atacama UDA-Chile and the University of Nariño UDENAR-Colombia, the two institutions are public and regional higher education. The study was qualitative - descriptive, the participants were I3 among teachers, administrators and students belonging to the two universities. Their ages fluctuate between 21 and 59 years, men and women, born in Chile or Colombia. Documentary analysis and a questionnaire with open questions were adapted as data collection techniques. The results show a positive assessment of the agreement since it has been managed from the three substantive university functions: teaching, research and social interaction; In it, the learning acquired by each participant and the need to deepen the investigation become strong. It is concluded that internationalization has many benefits from cultural exchange, international prestige and learning, as well as the transdisciplinarity of the agreement, which through critical thinking, building spaces for dialogue of knowledge not fragmented into disciplines, but united by genuine interest for knowledge.

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a cooperação internacional, a partir do convênio entre a Universidade de Atacama UDA-Chile e a Universidade de Nariño UDENAR-Colômbia, as duas instituições são públicas e de ensino superior regional. O estudo foi qualitativo - descritivo, os participantes foram I3 entre professores, administradores e alunos pertencentes às duas universidades. Suas idades oscilam entre 2I e 59 anos, homens e mulheres, nascidos no Chile ou na Colômbia. A análise documental e um questionário com questões abertas foram utilizados como técnicas de coleta de dados. Os resultados mostram uma avaliação positiva do convênio, uma vez que tem sido gerido a partir das três funções substantivas da universidade: ensino, pesquisa e interação social; Nesse mesmo sentido, torna-se forte o aprendizado adquirido por cada participante e a necessidade de aprofundar a pesquisa. Conclui-se que a internacionalização traz muitos benefícios pelo intercâmbio cultural, prestígio internacional e aprendizado, bem como a transdisciplinaridade do convênio, que por meio do pensamento crítico, constrói espaços de diálogo de saberes não fragmentados em disciplinas, mas unidos pelo interesse genuíno.

Disposición hacia la colaboración médica internacional en estudiantes de Estomatología de ocho universidades cubanas / Willingness towards international medical collaboration in dental students from eight Cuban universities

Introducción: Cuba se ha caracterizado por enviar a diversos países delegaciones de salud, llamadas "misiones médicas". Sin embargo, el interés de los futuros profesionales de formar parte de esas delegaciones no se ha investigado. Objetivos: Caracterizar la disposición hacia la colaboración médica internacional e identificar los factores asociados en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación transversal, analítica de datos secundarios, en estudiantes de todos los años del curso académico 2018-2019, pertenecientes a ocho universidades. La variable dependiente fue el reporte de la disposición de ir a misiones médicas. Se calcularon las razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento. Resultados: Participaron 1174 estudiantes, de los cuales 830 (71 por ciento) estuvieron dispuestos a cumplir misiones médicas. Existió una mayor disposición hacia la colaboración médica conforme aumentaba la edad (RPa: 1,02; IC 95 por ciento: 1,00-1,04; p = 0,044); así como, en los estudiantes que reportaron presión familiar para estudiar la carrera (RPa: 1,17; IC 95 por ciento: 1,09-1,26; p < 0,001). Aquellos que reportaron buenas notas antes de ingresar a la universidad (RPa: 0,83; IC 95 por ciento: 0,77-0,91; p < 0,001), los de solvencia económica (RPa: 0,90; IC 95 por ciento: 0,90-0,98; p = 0,019) y los que estaban cursando el tercer y cuarto años académicos (RPa: 0,93; IC 95 por ciento: 0,88-0,97; p = 0,003) fueron los de menor disposición para colaborar; ajustado por el sexo y la universidad. Conclusión: Existe una elevada disposición hacia la colaboración médica internacional y está asociada a múltiples aspectos sociales y educativos(AU)

Introduction: Cuba has been characterized by sending health delegations to various countries, called "medical missions". However, the interest of future professionals in joining those delegations has not been investigated. Objectives: Characterize the disposition towards international medical collaboration and identify the associated factors in Cuban students of Stomatology. Methods: A cross-sectional research and secondary data analytics was carried out in students of all years of the academic year 2018-2019, belonging to eight universities. The dependent variable was the report of the willingness to go on medical missions. Prevalence ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated. Results: 1174 students participated, of which 830 (71 percent) were willing to fulfill medical missions. There was a greater willingness towards medical collaboration as age increased (RPa: 1.02; 95 percent CI 1.00-1.04; p = 0.044); as well as, in students who reported family pressure to study the career (RPa: 1.17; 95 percent CI 1.09-1.26; p < 0.001). Those who reported good grades before entering college (RPa: 0.83; 95 percent CI 0.77-0.91; p < 0.001), those of economic solvency (RPa: 0.90; 95 percent CI 0.90-0.98; p = 0.019) and those who were in the third and fourth academic years (RPa: 0.93; 95 percent CI 0.88-0.97; p = 0.003) were those with the least willingness to collaborate; adjusted by sex and college. Conclusion: There is a high disposition towards international medical collaboration and it is associated with multiple social and educational aspects(AU)

Política externa e saúde no Brasil (1995-2010): uma análise da diplomacia de saúde brasileira - da Aids ao 'Fome Zero' / Brazil's foreign policy and health (1995-2010): A policy analysis of the Brazilian health diplomacy - from AIDS to 'Zero Hunger'

RESUMO Este artigo analisa como a saúde entrou na política externa brasileira entre 1995 e 2010 e apoiou a posição internacional do País, utilizando o enfoque de análise de políticas. Essa questão raramente é examinada na literatura brasileira sobre diplomacia da saúde. A partir de revisão de literatura, análise documental e entrevistas com atores-chave, examinamos as políticas impulsionadas por complexos processos históricos de mudança no Brasil. Há importantes inter-relações entre política externa e política social, incluindo saúde. Durante os governos Lula (2003-2010), a internacionalização das políticas domésticas brasileiras, vinculadas à cooperação Sul-Sul, teve papel central. A saúde na agenda da política externa foi um importante suporte à crescente presença internacional do Brasil. Esses desenvolvimentos foram possibilitados pelo ativismo e comprometimento de diversos atores estatais e não estatais, que atuaram em dois níveis: advocacia nacional e transnacional e atividades coordenadas entre representantes do governo, incluindo diplomatas, e atores da sociedade civil. O principal argumento deste estudo é que as políticas nacionais e internacionais são interrelacionadas nesse processo, e a dinâmica doméstica e o engajamento societal são essenciais, mas não suficientes: escolhas governamentais são também determinantes. Os arranjos institucionais e políticos mudaram em diferentes conjunturas e são constantemente propensos a conflitos e mudanças.

ABSTRACT This article analyses, from a policy analysis approach, how health entered Brazilian foreign policy between 1995 and 2010 and supported the country's international position, which is rarely explored in the literature on Brazilian health diplomacy. By drawing on literature review, document analysis and key-actor interviews, we examined policies triggered by far-reaching and complex historical change processes in Brazil. We find significant interrelationships between foreign policy and social policy, including health. The internationalization of Brazilian domestic policies, and South-South cooperation, played a central role during Lula governments (2003-2010). Health found its way into the foreign policy agenda to support Brazil's growing international presence. These developments were made possible by the activism and engagement of several of State and non-State actors working on two levels: national and transnational advocacy, and coordinated activities of government representatives, including Brazilian diplomats, and civil society activists. The main argument of this study is that national and international policies are intertwined in this process and that domestic dynamics and societal engagement are essential but more is needed: governmental choices are also determinant. Institutional arrangements and policies shift in different conjunctures and are constantly prone to conflicts and change.

Tecnologias para a adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose: um protocolo de scoping review / Technologies for adherence to tuberculosis treatment: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Identificar e mapear as tecnologias desenvolvidas e/ou validadas para incentivar e auxiliar na adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose na Atenção Primária à Saúde. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma scoping review, seguindo as orientações do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewer's Manual, com a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: "Quais as tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas e/ou validadas para incentivar e auxiliar na adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose na Atenção Primária à Saúde?" Serão incluídos artigos, teses e dissertações a partir de buscas nas bases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS)/Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) e literatura cinzenta. A busca, avaliação, seleção e extração dos dados serão realizadas de forma cega entre pares; quando houver divergências, um terceiro revisor será consultado. Os resultados serão descritos na íntegra, utilizando-se de narrativa e diagramas, de forma que estejam alinhados com o objetivo e a questão norteadora desta revisão. Protocolo registrado na Open Science Framework (OSF): 10.17605/OSF.IO/PKWTC.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map technologies developed and/or validated to promote and support adherence to tuberculosis treatment in primary health care settings. METHOD: This is a scoping review, following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewer's Manual, with the following research question: "What technologies have been developed and/or validated to promote and support adherence to tuberculosis treatment in primary health care?". Articles, theses, and dissertations will be included by searching the following databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS)/Virtual Health Library (VHL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), and gray literature. The search, assessment, selection, and data extraction will be performed in a blinded manner between peers; in case of disagreement, a third reviewer will be consulted. The results will be fully described using narratives and graphs to align with the objective and guiding question of this review. Protocol registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF): 10.17605/OSF.IO/PKWTC.

The mediating effect of interdisciplinary cooperation ability on the level of hospice care practice and the degree of difficulty of medical staff / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating role of interdisciplinary cooperation ability between the level of hospice care practice and difficulty degree of hospice care for medical staff, in order to improve the quality of hospice care services for medical staff, and to provide evidence for relevant managers to formulate effective measures to reduce the implementation of hospice care difficulties.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Using convenience sampling method, the general data questionnaire, Palliative Care Difficulties Scale (PCDS), Palliative Care Self-Report Practice Scale (PCPS) and Modified Index of Interdisciplinary Collaboration (MIIC) were used to investigate 362 medical staff in all hospice care institutions of Shiyan City from July to August 2022.Results:The total score of PCDS in 362 medical staff was (40.58±13.44) points, (67.47 ± 12.50) points for PCPS and (108.36 ± 21.46) points for MIIC. There was a positive correlation between the total score of MIIC and PCDS ( r=0.500, P<0.01). The total score of PCPS was negatively correlated with the total score of MIIC ( r=-0.337, P<0.01) and the total score of PCDS ( r=-0.189, P<0.01). The interdisciplinary cooperation ability of medical staff in hospice care had a complete mediating effect between the level of practice and the degree of difficulty (Effect value=-0.190, 95% CI-0.274 to -0.126), and the mediating effect accounted for 98.5% of the total effect value. Conclusions:The practice level of hospice care can not directly affect the implementation of the difficulty degree, but by taking active measures to improve the interdisciplinary cooperation ability, so as to enhance the practice level, and then reduce the implementation of hospice care difficulty degree.

Clinical practice, knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses to the management of gastrointestinal symptoms in cancer chemotherapy and the correlation research of medical and nursing cooperation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation of clinical practice of cancer chemotherapy-related gastrointestinal symptoms (CGIS) management among oncology nurses in Ningxia, and to explore the correlation between CGIS management and nurses′ knowledge and attitude and medical and nursing cooperation, so as to provide evidence for improving the clinical practice of cancer patients CGIS management among oncology nurses in Ningxia.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From January 25 to 31, 2021, the general data questionnaire and the questionnaire of clinical practice of CGIS management for cancer patients were used to survey 289 nurses in oncology department in Ningxia.Results:The scores of medical and nursing cooperation, CGIS knowledge, attitude, and CGIS management clinical practice activities of nurses in oncology department were (24.94 ± 3.20), (20.19 ± 3.82), (52.19 ± 6.17) and (129.93 ± 36.33) points, respectively. Among the scores of CGIS management clinical practice activities, gastrointestinal symptoms evaluation dimension scored the lowest, and the highest was CGIS health education dimension. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of clinical practice of CGIS management of cancer patients and the scores of knowledge and attitude of oncology nurses ( r values were 0.225-0.293, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The clinical practice of cancer patients′CGIS management by oncology nurses needs to be improved, especially the evaluation of cancer patients′CGIS by oncology nurses. Nursing managers should formulate the activity guide of CGIS management clinical practice as soon as possible, strengthen the training of nurses′ relevant knowledge, and provide nurses with appropriate evaluation tools to improve the clinical practice of CGIS management.

"Expert Consensus on Nursing Care for Prevention of Adult Oral Tracheal Intubation Unplanned Extubation" evidence application and effect evaluation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To promote the evidence application of the "Expert Consensus on Nursing Care for Prevention of Adult Oral Tracheal Intubation Unplanned Extubation" and verify its effectiveness.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 31 ICU nurses from Tianjin Teda Hospital were trained by workshops, in order to help promote the evidence transformation. With the evidence application model of the JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center, we reviewed the measures for mechanically ventilated patients before and after intervention (51 cases at baseline and 77 cases at second review).Results:No unplanned extubation occurred during the period of two rounds of evidence review, the implementation rate of 9 review indicators had improved, and 6 of them showed statistically significant differences. indicator 1 increased from 3.92% (2/51) to 100.00% (77/77),indicator 3 increased from 86.27% (44/51) to 100.00% (77/77), indicator 5 increased from 27.45% (14/51) to 100.00% (77/77), indicator 7 increased from 45.10% (23/51) to 70.13% (54/ 77), indicator 8 increased from 50.98% (26/51) to 100.00% (77/77), indicator 9 increased from 45.10% (23/51) to 77.92 % (60/77), the difference was all statistically significant ( χ2 values were 8.02-119.87, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The "Expert Consensus on Nursing Care for Prevention of Adult Oral Tracheal Intubation Unplanned Extubation" can provide guidelines for clinical nursing practice. While preventing unplanned extubation, it can standardize nurses' behavior and promote medical-nursing cooperation.

Study on African herbal medicine registration management measures and TCM registration strategy in Africa / 国际中医中药杂志

African herbal medicine is widely utilized with a long history. Most African countries have legalized herbal medicine and established a registration and listing mechanism. The present study firstly described the historical exchange and modern trade of TCM between China and Africa, and briefly described the herbal medicine registration management system of African countries from the regulations and guidelines of herbal medicine management and registration management institutions. Then it compared and analyzed the differences of registration systems in African countries from the following aspects: application materials, registration path, quality control and production, effectiveness evidence and food supplements, as well as summarizing the common points of African herbal medicine registration management. The registration strategy of TCM includes assessing the risk of registered investment, building a multilateral and diversified cooperation network between China and Africa, adhering to integrity and innovation, and promoting the international development of TCM, so as to form a standardized registration path of TCM in Africa and expand the TCM market in Africa.

Reflections on development status of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Central Asian countries / 国际中医中药杂志

Central Asia is an important hub connecting the Asian continent and European continent, and one of the key regions for China's foreign exchange and cooperation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Central Asian countries have relatively backward medical conditions, and TCM has become an important part of local healthcare. Regulations on traditional/complementary and alternative medicine have been issued in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan; acupuncture and moxibustion has been covered by medical insurance in Kyrgyzstan; TCM has existed in other Central Asian countries in form of folk medicine. Central Asian countries are extremely rich in medicinal plant resources, but weak in foundation of pharmaceutical industry. Chinese government has signed cooperation agreements on TCM with many Central Asian countries, and the practical cooperation in the field of traditional medicine have continued to expand. At present, the development of TCM in Central Asian countries still faces problems such as weak foundation for the development and utilization of medicinal materials, shortage of professionals talents in TCM education and small scale of TCM clinics. In view of the above, in order to promote the dissemination and development of TCM in Central Asian countries, it is recommended that relevant units promote the establishment of joint laboratories or research centers of Chinese materia medica; give full play to local resource advantages and promote the development of medicinal plant industry; to strengthen the construction of overseas centers of TCM; actively carry out joint education or further education projects, and cultivate localized senior talents.

Analysis and comparison of major plant databases in China and ASEAN countries / 国际中医中药杂志

At present, countries around the world are paying greater attention to the protection of medicinal plants and traditional medicinal knowledge resources, and are looking for various ways to protect medicinal plants. Many countries have established their own databases to save the medicinal plant information resources. This paper focuses on the introduction of medicinal plant databases in six countries including Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore, and compares their basic information. It is difficult to achieve integration and sharing among these databases. It brings certain difficulties to the use of researchers in related fields. It is suggested that the construction of a multinational common medicinal plant database should be included in the "Belt and Road Initiative" to systematically organize massive information, enhance exchanges between countries on traditional medicinal plants, and achieve medicinal plant information sharing, and the establishment of a shared database will reduce optimization and maintenance to a certain extent or renewal work, laying the foundation for the protection, development and sustainable use of traditional medicinal plant resources.

Activity Report of the Kyoto Hospice and Palliative Care Unit Liaison Committee: Regional Palliative Care Cooperation Developed from Face-to-Face Relationships

To improve the quality of palliative care in the Kyoto region, we thought that closely connecting hospice and palliative care units (PCU) is necessary. Subsequently, we established the Kyoto PCU Liaison Committee in September 2017. This committee was created as a place to casually discuss the problems that individual PCU facilities have, deliberate on their worries together, grow and develop, and support newly launched facilities. Furthermore, discussions were held on current topics (emergency hospitalization, blood transfusion, smoking, bereaved family meetings, etc.) at the liaison meetings. While meetings were adjourned in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we continued to exchange opinions on infection control, PCU management, etc., using the email network at first. Later, these meetings resumed via web conference systems. Thus, by having face-to-face relationships on a daily basis, we were able to maintain cooperation between PCUs even during the pandemic, and collaborate with cancer treatment hospitals. Overall, by forming a team of PCUs in Kyoto Prefecture, we aim to enable patients and their families to live with peace of mind wherever they are.

A proposal on Kuroko leadership: An element of Japan’s global health competency extracted from the experiences of international health cooperation / 国際保健医療

  In the increasingly globalized world, developing global health competency (GHC) education by determining the required core elements for undergraduates is on the rise. A growing number of people from different backgrounds have migrated to Japan. To accommodate their various healthcare needs, potential GHC elements that facilitate Japanese GHC education should be identified. This paper aims to extract some of the key GHC elements required for students in medical and healthcare fields based on the abundant experience of Japan’s international health cooperation and to make recommendations for GHC education in Japan and worldwide.  To date, Japan’s international health cooperation has cultivated a variety of competencies to realize its mission of reducing global health disparities. Japanese GHC elements are the bases of core concepts in healthcare and share commonalities with GHC elements in global communities: Cultural competency, “Go to the People”, respect for diversity, transdisciplinary collaboration, capacity building, independence, people/patient-centered healthcare, and empowerment.   Comprehensive preparation of these elements is found among kabuki kurokos (black robes), people dressed in all black who assist kabuki actors onstage during performances. The black worn by the kurokos means “nothingness”; they should be invisible on stage, so as not to interfere with the performance. Kurokos understand the culture (values, behaviors, etc.) of the lead actors, manage and coordinate stage proceedings to meet the actors’ needs, and help them achieve the best performance by collaborating with other backstage workers.   Kurokos’s empowering leadership competency is akin to the Western concept of servant-leadership, which emphasizes being a servant first and devoting oneself to enabling greater health and independence/autonomy among vulnerable people. Japanese educators can exemplify kuroko values by providing their students with GHC education. Japanese GHC elements can be integrated into worldwide GHC education. Spiritual care is also essential for inclusion in GHC education to develop students’ holistic care competency.

The Position of Oriental Medicine in COVID-19 / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The number of patients with novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19) continues to increase with Omicron now the predominant strain, even amidst the three-dense (close-in, dense, and close-out) avoidance and vaccination strategies. In collaboration with the local government, Tohoku University Hospital has provided a large-scale vaccination center, drive-through outpatient PCR testing clinic, outpatient assessment, support for management of residential care facilities for the mildly ill, support for elderly care facilities, and an antibody cocktail center, to minimize deaths due to COVID-19. In residential care facilities for the mildly ill and others in need of medical support, we established an information sharing and house call system. Furthermore, we developed DX in cooperation with a wide-area IT system and have so far continued to achieve zero fatalities in residential care facilities. In addition, the Japanese Society for Oriental Medicine has conducted clinical research using Kampo medicine for the prevention of disease onset, treatment in the acute stage, and treatment of prolonged symptoms, with results suggesting that Kampo medicine has some effect in reducing disease severity in the acute stage. The COVID-19 response is a long-term effort to update the knowledge and techniques in Western, traditional, and Future Medicine. The response and updating of combined knowledge and skills will continue over the longterm. It is also necessary to continue to disseminate and share information among various professions, and give back information in the field and make steady and continuous efforts among multiple professions.

Caracterização e avaliação do paciente anticoagulado com varfarina em relação à complexidade da farmacoterapia / Characterization and evaluation of patients anticoagulated with warfarin in relation to the complexity of pharmacotherapy

A realização de diagnóstico e tratamento das arritmias sustentadas fazem parte da rotina clínica, sendo uma das arritmias mais frequentes a Fibrilação Atrial (FA). Para prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos em pacientes com FA, recomendase a anticoagulação oral, destacando-se a varfarina. Apesar da importância, esse medicamento possui estreita margem terapêutica, o que faz com que pequenas mudanças no tratamento gerem risco de eventos trombóticos ou hemorrágicos. Dentre essas mudanças, destaca-se a adesão aos demais medicamentos em uso, alteração do uso desses medicamentos por prescritores e automedicação. Várias são as interações entre varfarina e demais medicamentos de uso contínuo, acreditando-se que a complexidade da prescrição pode interferir nos desfechos clínicos da terapia anticoagulante. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar pacientes acompanhados em um ambulatório de anticoagulação em relação ao Índice de Complexidade da Farmacoterapia. Para identificação da complexidade da farmacoterapia, considerou-se as prescrições dos demais medicamentos em uso, prescritas por médicos da atenção primária em saúde. Utilizouse o instrumento Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI). A complexidade, compreendida como a forma de administração, posologia e forma farmacêutica, fatores que interferem na adesão à terapia anticoagulante, foi subdividida em três níveis: baixa complexidade, moderada e alta, conforme indicado pela literatura. A análise da complexidade foi realizada por dois pesquisadores de forma independente, sendo considerados os critérios conforme orientação do MRCI. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado em duas clínicas de anticoagulação, localizadas em Minas Gerais. Durante a pesquisa, pacientes foram acompanhados em dois ambulatórios de anticoagulação do Brasil, em uso de varfarina, foram convidados a participarem de um ensaio clínico entre dezembro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, sendo que posteriormente foi realizado um recorte para o presente estudo. Um total de 93 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, sendo a média de idade de 63 anos e a maioria do sexo feminino (68,8%). A fibrilação atrial foi a indicação da ACO mais predominante (92,5%). A média do número de medicamentos utilizados foi de 7,0. A maioria dos pacientes com farmacoterapia classificada como alta (38, 6,5%) e média complexidade (24, 80,7%) apresentou TTR inadequado. O presente estudo permitiu identificar que há um predomínio de pacientes com alta complexidade da farmacoterapia, o que pode indicar necessidades de cuidados adicionais em relação ao tratamento anticoagulante. Para tanto, em casos de pacientes com controle inadequado da anticoagulação oral, recomenda-se que aspectos da complexidade da farmacoterapia sejam incorporados na abordagem educacional.

Diagnosis and treatment of sustained arrhythmias are part of the clinical routine, with one of the most frequent arrhythmias being Atrial Fibrillation (AF). To prevent thromboembolic events in patients with AF, oral anticoagulation is recommended, particularly warfarin. Despite its importance, this medication has a narrow therapeutic range, which means that small changes in treatment generate a risk of thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. Among these changes, adherence to other medications in use, changes in the use of these medications by prescribers and self-medication stand out. There are several interactions between warfarin and other medications for continuous use, with the belief that the complexity of the prescription may interfere with the clinical outcomes of anticoagulant therapy. The objective of the study was to characterize patients followed in an anticoagulation outpatient clinic in relation to the Pharmacotherapy Complexity Index. To identify the complexity of pharmacotherapy, prescriptions for other medications in use, prescribed by primary health care doctors, were considered. The Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) instrument was used. Complexity, understood as the form of administration, dosage and pharmaceutical form, factors that interfere with adherence to anticoagulant therapy, was subdivided into three complexity levels: low, moderate and high, as indicated in the literature. The complexity analysis was carried out by two researchers independently, considering the criteria as per MRCI guidance. This is a descriptive study carried out in two anticoagulation clinics, located in Minas Gerais. During the research, patients were monitored in two anticoagulation clinics in Brazil, using warfarin, and were invited to participate in a clinical trial between December 2018 and February 2019, and a selection was subsequently made for the present study. A total of 93 patients were included in the study, the average age was 63 years and the majority were female (68.8%). Atrial fibrillation was the most predominant OAC indication (92.5%). The average number of medications used was 7.0. The majority of patients with pharmacotherapy classified as high (38, 6.5%) and medium complexity (24, 80.7%) presented inadequate TTR. The present study identified that there is a predominance of patients with high complexity of pharmacotherapy, which may indicate the need for additional care in relation to anticoagulant treatment. Therefore, in cases of patients with inadequate control of oral anticoagulation, it is recommended that aspects of the complexity of pharmacotherapy be incorporated into the educational approach.

Transferências fundo a fundo: coordenação e cooperação federativa na segurança pública do Brasil / Transferencias fondo a fondo: coordinación y cooperación federativa en seguridad pública en Brasil / Fund-to-fund transfers: federative coordination and cooperation in public security in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a realização de transferências fundo a fundo e avaliar se ela tem contribuído para a coordenação e cooperação federativa de políticas voltadas à segurança pública no Brasil. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três etapas: (i) levantamento dos valores do Fundo Nacional de Segurança Pública (FNSP), destinados aos estados e ao Distrito Federal, no período de 2000 a 2022, antes e depois da adoção das transferências fundo a fundo; (ii) realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas para levantar as percepções dos gestores responsáveis pela elaboração e coordenação do processo de descentralização e pelo acompanhamento da execução dos recursos descentralizados; e (iii) análise dos mecanismos de coordenação/cooperação previstos nos planos de aplicação elaborados pelos estados no período supracitado. Os achados da pesquisa confirmam resultados de estudos anteriores sobre o poder de indução das transferências fundo a fundo na cooperação e coordenação de políticas nacionais, também para a área de segurança pública. Verificou-se que a ampliação de recursos e a obrigatoriedade de seu compartilhamento com os estados favoreceram o alinhamento das políticas estaduais às diretrizes estabelecidas pela União, mas que ainda é incipiente a interação entre os órgãos, organizações e membros da sociedade em relação ao tema.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar si las transferencias de fondo a fondo han contribuido a la coordinación y cooperación federal de las políticas dirigidas a la seguridad pública en Brasil. Para ello, el trabajo se dividió en tres etapas: (i) Relevamiento de los montos del Fondo Nacional de Seguridad Pública asignados a los estados y al Distrito Federal en el período 2000-2022, antes y después de la adopción de las transferencias fondo a fondo; (ii) Realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas para conocer la percepción de los gerentes responsables de preparar y coordinar el proceso de descentralización y monitorear la ejecución de los recursos descentralizados; y (iii) Análisis de los mecanismos de coordinación/cooperación previstos en los planes de aplicación elaborados por los estados en el período. Los hallazgos de la investigación confirman los resultados de estudios previos sobre el poder de inducción de las transferencias fondo a fondo en la cooperación y coordinación de políticas nacionales también para el área de seguridad pública. Se verificó que la ampliación de los recursos y la obligatoriedad de compartirlos con los estados favorecieron el alineamiento de las políticas estatales con las directrices establecidas por el Gobierno federal, pero que la interacción entre organismos, organizaciones y miembros de la sociedad sobre el tema es aún incipiente.

Abstract This article aims to analyze whether fund-to-fund transfers have contributed to federal coordination and cooperation of policies aimed at public security in Brazil. To this end, the work was divided into three stages: (i) Survey of National Public Security Fund amounts allocated to the states and the Federal District in the period from 2000 to 2022, before and after the adoption of fund-to-fund transfers; (ii) Conducting semi-structured interviews to raise the perceptions of managers responsible for preparing and coordinating the decentralization process and monitoring the execution of decentralized resources; and (iii) Analysis of the Coordination/Cooperation mechanisms foreseen in the Application Plans prepared by the states in the period. The research findings confirm the results of previous studies on the induction power of fund-to-fund transfers in the cooperation and coordination of national policies for public security. It was verified that the expansion of resources and the obligatoriness of their sharing with the states favored the alignment of state policies with the guidelines established by the Union but that the interaction between bodies, organizations, and members of society on the subject is still incipient.

Cooperación social y ofertas terapéuticas en la lucha contra la tuberculosis en la Ciudad de México, década de 1940 / Social cooperation and therapeutic offers in the fight against tuberculosis in Mexico City, the 1940s decade

Resumen En México, la decidida y sistemática participación de la sociedad civil en la lucha contra la tuberculosis inició en 1939, al crearse el Comité Nacional de Lucha contra la Tuberculosis. Su plural conformación y las labores que desempeñó le distinguieron de las asociaciones y de ligas antituberculosas creadas en décadas previas en diferentes países de las Américas. En este artículo se presentará un primer acercamiento a la plural conformación de ese organismo y se estudiarán algunas de las acciones que impulsó durante su primera década de funcionamiento, un momento en el que también fue particularmente prolífica la coexistencia de diferentes terapéuticas para tratar a los individuos con esa enfermedad.

Abstract The determined and systematic participation of civil society in the fight against tuberculosis in Mexico began in 1939 when the National Committee for the Fight against Tuberculosis was created. Its plural conformation and tasks distinguished it from the anti-tuberculosis associations and leagues created in previous decades in different countries of the Americas. This article will present a first approach to the plural conformation of this organism and will study some of the actions that it promoted during its first decade of operation, in which the coexistence of different therapeutics to treat individuals was also particularly prolific with that disease.